Troubleshooting11 min

Why Is My AC Not Cooling? 10 Causes & When to Call a Pro

If your AC is running but not cooling, the most common causes are a dirty air filter, frozen evaporator coil, low refrigerant, or a failed capacitor.

By Kodiak HVAC TeamUpdated January 6, 2026

Quick Answer

If your AC is running but not cooling, check your air filter first—a clogged filter is the #1 cause and costs just $5-15 to fix. Other common causes include frozen coils, low refrigerant, or a failed capacitor. Most repairs cost $200-$800. In Charlotte's summer heat, don't wait—AC problems worsen quickly.

It's 95°F in Charlotte, and your AC is running—but it's not cooling. The thermostat says 85°F inside, and you're starting to sweat. Before you panic and call for emergency service, know this: many AC cooling problems have simple fixes you can do yourself in minutes.

In this guide, we'll walk through the 10 most common reasons your AC isn't cooling, starting with the easiest DIY fixes. We'll tell you exactly what to check, what each repair typically costs, and when you actually need to call a professional. After 16+ years fixing Charlotte ACs, we've seen it all—and most problems are more manageable than you'd think.

50%
Are DIY fixable
$200-$800
Typical repair cost
30 min
Average diagnosis time
95°F
Charlotte July average

Quick Fixes You Can Do Right Now (DIY)

Before calling anyone, try these fixes. They take 5-10 minutes and solve roughly half of all "AC not cooling" calls we receive. Seriously—check these first.

1. Check Your Air Filter (Most Common Cause)

A dirty air filter is the #1 reason ACs stop cooling effectively. When the filter clogs, it restricts airflow across the evaporator coil. The coil gets too cold, ice forms, and your AC blows warm air instead of cold.

How to Check Your Filter

Locate your filter (usually in the return air vent or furnace compartment). Pull it out and hold it up to light. If you can't see through it, replace it immediately. In Charlotte's high-pollen climate, replace filters every 30-60 days during AC season.

Cost to fix: $5-$30 for a new filter. Time: 2 minutes. This simple fix could save you a $150+ service call.

2. Verify Your Thermostat Settings

We see this more often than you'd think. Here's what to check:

Thermostat Checklist

  • Mode is set to COOL (not Heat or Fan Only)
  • Temperature is set BELOW current room temperature
  • Fan is set to AUTO (not ON)—"ON" runs the fan constantly even when not cooling
  • Batteries are fresh (if applicable)
  • Thermostat isn't in direct sunlight or near a heat source

The "Fan ON" Mistake

When your fan is set to "ON" instead of "AUTO," it runs 24/7—even when the compressor isn't cooling. This circulates uncooled air and makes it feel like your AC isn't working. Always use AUTO.

3. Check Your Circuit Breakers

Your AC has two parts: the indoor air handler and the outdoor condenser unit. Each has its own circuit breaker. If the outdoor breaker trips, your indoor fan keeps running—but there's no cooling happening outside.

How to Reset Your AC Breaker

  1. 1

    Find Your Electrical Panel

    Usually in the garage, basement, or utility closet.

  2. 2

    Locate the AC Breakers

    Look for two breakers labeled "AC," "Air Handler," or "Condenser." They're typically 20-60 amp double breakers.

  3. 3

    Check for Tripped Breakers

    A tripped breaker sits in the middle position—not fully ON or OFF.

  4. 4

    Reset Properly

    Flip the breaker fully OFF, wait 30 seconds, then flip it ON. If it trips again immediately, stop—you have an electrical problem that needs professional diagnosis.

    💡 Never repeatedly reset a tripping breaker. This can cause electrical fires.

4. Clear Your Outdoor Unit

Your outdoor condenser releases heat from your home. If it's blocked by debris, covered in dirt, or surrounded by overgrown landscaping, it can't release heat effectively. We see this constantly in Charlotte yards.

Outdoor Unit Checklist

  • Clear 2 feet of space around all sides of the unit
  • Remove leaves, grass clippings, and debris from the unit
  • Gently rinse condenser fins with a garden hose (not a pressure washer)
  • Ensure the unit is level—settling can cause problems
  • Check that the disconnect switch near the unit is ON

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Problems That Need Professional Repair

If the DIY fixes above didn't solve your problem, you likely have one of these issues. These require specialized tools, refrigerant handling certification, or electrical expertise.

5. Low Refrigerant (Refrigerant Leak)

Unlike your car's AC, your home system doesn't "use up" refrigerant. If it's low, you have a leak. Signs of low refrigerant include:

  • AC blowing cool but not cold air
  • Ice forming on refrigerant lines or the indoor coil
  • Hissing or bubbling sounds near the indoor unit
  • Higher-than-normal humidity in your home
  • Electric bills increasing despite normal use

Why You Can't Fix This Yourself

Refrigerant handling requires EPA Section 608 certification—it's illegal for uncertified individuals to purchase or handle it. The repair involves finding the leak, fixing it, and recharging to exact manufacturer specifications.

Typical repair cost: $200-$800 depending on leak location and refrigerant type. Systems using R-410A (most units made after 2010) are less expensive to recharge than older R-22 systems.

6. Frozen Evaporator Coil

If your AC has been struggling to cool, ice may have formed on the indoor evaporator coil. This usually happens because of restricted airflow (dirty filter, blocked vents) or low refrigerant. The ice acts as insulation, preventing the coil from absorbing heat.

How to Thaw a Frozen Coil

  1. 1

    Turn OFF the AC

    Switch the thermostat to OFF or HEAT (not cool).

  2. 2

    Keep the Fan Running

    Set the fan to ON. This circulates warm air over the frozen coil to speed thawing.

  3. 3

    Wait for Complete Thaw

    This takes 2-24 hours depending on ice thickness. Don't try to chip away ice—you can damage the coil.

  4. 4

    Check and Replace Your Filter

    A dirty filter is the most common cause of frozen coils.

  5. 5

    Test the System

    Once thawed, run the AC. If it freezes again within 24 hours, you likely have a refrigerant leak—call a professional.

7. Failed Capacitor

Capacitors are small electrical components that store energy and give your compressor and fan motors the boost they need to start. In Charlotte's hot, humid climate, capacitors fail frequently. This is the most common repair we perform.

Signs of a bad capacitor:

  • AC tries to start but shuts off immediately
  • Humming sound from outdoor unit but it won't start
  • Outdoor fan spins slowly or not at all
  • AC works intermittently
  • Clicking sounds followed by no startup
Pro Tip

Kodiak Technician

If your outdoor fan isn't spinning but you hear humming, try giving the fan blade a gentle spin with a stick (never your hand!). If it starts running, your capacitor is failing and needs replacement soon.

Typical repair cost: $200-$300 including parts and labor. This is a 20-30 minute repair that gets your AC running immediately.

8. Failed Contactor

The contactor is an electrical switch that controls power to the compressor and outdoor fan. When it fails (often from burnt or pitted contacts), the outdoor unit won't run even though it's getting power.

Typical repair cost: $250-$400. Like capacitors, this is a quick repair that restores cooling immediately.

9. Compressor Failure

The compressor is the heart of your AC system—it pumps refrigerant and makes cooling possible. When it fails, your AC stops cooling entirely. Signs include:

  • Outdoor unit runs but doesn't cool
  • Loud grinding, squealing, or clanking sounds
  • Outdoor unit repeatedly trips the breaker
  • AC runs constantly but home never reaches set temperature

Compressor Repairs Are Expensive

Compressor replacement costs $1,500-$3,500. At this price point, if your system is over 10 years old, we often recommend replacing the entire outdoor unit or complete system instead. You'd be putting significant money into aging equipment.

10. Ductwork Problems

Leaky or disconnected ducts cause your AC to run but not cool effectively. Cool air escapes into your attic or crawlspace instead of reaching your rooms. We see this frequently in Charlotte homes with flex duct in unconditioned attics—the connections can come loose over time, especially with temperature fluctuations.

Signs of duct problems:

  • Some rooms much warmer than others
  • Weak airflow from certain vents
  • Dusty air coming from vents
  • Energy bills increasing without explanation
  • Rooms that never reach the set temperature

Typical repair cost: $200-$800 depending on accessibility and extent of damage. Duct sealing typically pays for itself in lower energy bills within 1-2 years.

AC Repair Costs in Charlotte (2026)

Here's what you can expect to pay for common AC repairs in the Charlotte market. These prices include both parts and labor from a licensed HVAC contractor.

Common AC Repair Costs

Air Filter Replacement
$5-$30
DIY
Capacitor Replacement
$200-$300
30 min
Contactor Replacement
$250-$400
30 min
Refrigerant Recharge + Leak Repair
$200-$800
1-3 hours
Thermostat Replacement
$200-$800
30 min
Blower Motor Replacement
$400-$900
1-2 hours
Evaporator Coil Cleaning
$200-$400
1-2 hours
Condenser Fan Motor
$300-$600
1-2 hours
Compressor Replacement
$1,500-$3,500
3-5 hours

Prices include parts and labor. Diagnostic fee ($89 at Kodiak) typically waived with repair.

Real Customer Review
★★★★★

"Our AC quit on the hottest day of summer. Kodiak came out same day, fixed a bad capacitor for $200, and it's been perfect since. Way less than I feared."

Jennifer M.

Indian Trail, NC

AC Repair

Need Help With Your HVAC?

$89 diagnostic fee waived with repairs. Same-day service available.

How to Prevent AC Cooling Problems

Most AC breakdowns are preventable. Here's what we recommend to keep your system running reliably through Charlotte's brutal summers:

AC Maintenance Checklist

  1. 1

    Change Your Filter Every 30-60 Days

    During peak AC season (May-September), check your filter monthly. Charlotte's pollen and humidity clog filters fast.

    💡 Set a phone reminder for the 1st of each month.

  2. 2

    Keep Your Outdoor Unit Clear

    Maintain 2 feet of clearance around the condenser. Trim plants back, clear debris after storms.

  3. 3

    Don't Close Too Many Vents

    Closing vents to "unused" rooms creates pressure imbalances that strain your system and reduce efficiency.

  4. 4

    Schedule Professional Maintenance

    Have your system inspected and tuned up twice yearly—spring for AC, fall for heating. This catches small problems before they become big ones.

  5. 5

    Listen for Changes

    New sounds, smells, or changes in performance often signal developing problems. Address them early.

Save 15% on Repairs

Our Kodiak Care Club members get two tune-ups per year, no diagnostic fees, and 15% off all repairs. The membership typically pays for itself with the first repair visit.

Should You Repair or Replace Your AC?

This is the question everyone dreads. Here's our honest guidance:

Repair vs. Replace Decision Guide

FeatureRepairReplace
System AgeUnder 10 yearsOver 12-15 years
Repair CostUnder $500Over 50% of new system cost
Refrigerant TypeR-410AR-22 (phased out)
Repair HistoryFirst major repairMultiple repairs recently
Energy BillsStableIncreasing significantly
ComfortSystem keeps upCan't cool adequately
Pro Tip

Kodiak HVAC Advice

New AC systems are 20-40% more efficient than systems from 10-15 years ago. If you're facing a $1,500+ repair on an older system, the energy savings from a new high-efficiency unit often make replacement the smarter financial decision over 5-10 years.

When to Call for Emergency AC Service

Most AC problems can wait until normal business hours. However, call for immediate service if:

  • You smell burning or see smoke from any AC component
  • Indoor temperatures exceed 90°F with vulnerable family members (elderly, infants, those with medical conditions)
  • Water is leaking near electrical components
  • You hear sparking sounds or see electrical arcing
  • The outdoor unit is making grinding metal-on-metal sounds

If You Smell Burning

Turn off your AC immediately at the thermostat AND the breaker. Burning smells can indicate electrical problems that pose fire risks. Don't turn the system back on until a professional has inspected it.

Frequently Asked Questions

The most common causes are a dirty air filter (restricts airflow, causes freezing), low refrigerant from a leak, or a failed capacitor. Start by checking and replacing your filter—this solves about 30% of cases. If that doesn't help, you'll need a professional to diagnose whether it's a refrigerant leak, frozen coil, or failed component.
If your AC is running but not cooling, turn it off to prevent further damage—especially if you notice ice forming on the lines or hear unusual sounds. Running a struggling system can cause compressor damage, which turns a $200-$400 repair into a $1,500-$3,500 repair. It's better to be uncomfortable for a day than to face a major repair bill.
During peak afternoon heat (when outdoor temps exceed 95°F), your AC works its hardest. If it can't keep up during the day but works at night, possible causes include: the system is undersized for your home, it's low on refrigerant, the outdoor condenser is dirty or blocked, or the system is aging and losing efficiency. The condenser can release heat more easily when outdoor temperatures are lower at night.
You can't check refrigerant levels yourself—it requires specialized equipment and EPA certification. Signs of low refrigerant include: AC blowing cool but not cold air, ice forming on refrigerant lines or the evaporator coil, hissing or bubbling sounds near the indoor unit, and the home feeling more humid than usual. If you suspect low refrigerant, call a professional—your system has a leak that needs repair.
It depends on the repair. Minor fixes ($200-$300) like capacitors or contactors are usually worth it even on older units. Major repairs like compressor or coil replacement ($1,500-$3,500) typically aren't—you'd be putting significant money into equipment near end of life. Also consider that newer systems are 20-40% more efficient, so replacement may save money long-term through lower energy bills.
Most AC repairs in Charlotte cost between $200-$800. Common fixes: capacitor replacement ($200-$300), contactor replacement ($250-$400), refrigerant leak repair ($200-$800). Major repairs: blower motor ($400-$900), compressor ($1,500-$3,500). At Kodiak, our $89 diagnostic fee is waived if you proceed with the repair.
No—and it's actually illegal to do so. Handling refrigerant requires EPA Section 608 certification. More importantly, if your system is low on refrigerant, you have a leak. Simply adding refrigerant without fixing the leak wastes money (it'll just leak out again) and harms the environment. A professional will find the leak, repair it, and recharge your system to manufacturer specifications.
AC coils freeze when there's either restricted airflow or low refrigerant. Most common causes: dirty air filter (check this first!), blocked return vents, dirty evaporator coil, low refrigerant from a leak, or a failing blower motor. To thaw a frozen AC, turn off cooling but keep the fan running. Once thawed, replace your filter and test. If it freezes again, you likely have a refrigerant leak.

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KHT

Written by

Kodiak HVAC Team

HVAC professional at Kodiak Heating & Cooling.

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